Transvestia

A

purely female. More advanced forms are bisexual, and the existence of a separate male sex appears only in fairly recently evolved forms of life. few trees, the vertabrates and the arthropods are the ONLY instances where a species exhibits two sep- arate sexes! Translating this idea into an experi- mental program, Levine has operated on embryos and new-born animals in such ways as to prevent or en- hance the "masculinization" of their brains into male-type circuitry, by withholding, delaying or ad- vancing their exposure to male hormone. This norm- ally comes from the male embyo's own gonads, but by interrupting this process, Levine has been able to prearrange "differences that determine not only sexual activity but certain other forms of behavior" (Scientific American, pp 34-90, April 1966; also Science, Vol. 152, p 1585-92, 17 June 1966).

9) Now, Virginia, I am well aware that you would like to reserve the terms "gender" and "fem- ininity" for the human species; but there ARE "soc- ial" differences between male and female animals. Anyone who ignores this to the extent of dealing with a cow and a bull in the same manner is likely to find the lesson fatal! Reading Levine's articles, one can hardly escape the use of "feminine" to des- cribe some of the behavior obtained from male rats, guinea pigs and monkeys after they were subjected to his techniques. He does not mention TV, but does suggest that human homosexual behavior might possibly be due to such events taking place by accident. (Dr. Benjamin is trying to obtain his cooperation in the hope that he will clarify this concept; it seems likely that he makes no distinction among TV, TS and HS phenomena.)

10) Finally, we have the work Dr. Walinder at the University of Gotenburg in Sweden. He began with a concept related to Sperry's; some other investi- gators had noticed a relationship of some kind among TV, brain damage and epilepsy, which he put to the test by running electro- encephalograms on 26 "trans-

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